Recovering Public Records through California's Replevin Law

California's Replevin Law (Gov't. Code Section 6204) enables state and local government agencies to recover public records that are “in the possession of a person, organization, or institution not authorized by law to possess that record” and authorizes the State Archivist and Secretary of State to take specified actions to recover records. “Replevin” means an action for recovering goods wrongfully taken or detained. The California Replevin Law is set forth in the Government Code as follows:

Government Code - GOV

TITLE 1. GENERAL [100 - 7931.000]

( Title 1 enacted by Stats. 1943, Ch. 134. )

DIVISION 7. MISCELLANEOUS [6000 - 7599.113]

( Division 7 enacted by Stats. 1943, Ch. 134. )

CHAPTER 3.01. Public Records Protection and Recovery [6204 - 6204.4]

( Chapter 3.01 added by Stats. 2009, Ch. 519, Sec. 1. )

6204.

  1. For purposes of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply:
    1. "Archivist” means the Chief of Archives, as specified in Section 12227.
    2. “Record” has the same meaning as “public records” is defined in Section 7920.530, and includes, but is not limited to, any writing containing information relating to the conduct of the public’s business prepared, owned, used, or retained by a state or local agency regardless of physical form or characteristics.
    3. "Secretary” means the Secretary of State.
    1. Return the record to the appropriate state or local agency.
    2. Respond in writing and declare why the record does not belong to the state or a local agency.

    (Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 615, Sec. 141. (AB 474) Effective January 1, 2022. Operative January 1, 2023, pursuant to Section 463 of Stats. 2021, Ch. 615.)

    6204.1.

    1. If a person, organization, or institution that receives a written notice and demand from the secretary pursuant to Section 6204 does not deliver the described record, does not respond to the notice and demand within the required time, or does not adequately demonstrate that the record does not belong to the state or a local agency, the secretary may ask the Attorney General to petition the superior court in the county in which the records are located for an order requiring the return of the record.
    2. After a hearing, and upon a finding that the specified record is in the possession of a person, organization, or institution not authorized by law to possess the record, the court shall order the record to be delivered to the archivist or other government official designated by the court.
    3. The court may issue any order necessary to protect the record from destruction, alteration, transfer, conveyance, or alienation by the person, organization, or institution in possession of the record, and may order the record to be surrendered into the custody of the archivist pending the court’s decision on the petition.The court may order the record to be available for public access under a request made pursuant to the California Public Records Act (Division 10 (commencing with Section 7920.000)).

    (Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 615, Sec. 142. (AB 474) Effective January 1, 2022. Operative January 1, 2023, pursuant to Section 463 of Stats. 2021, Ch. 615.)

    6204.2.

    1. If a local agency has reasonable grounds to believe that a record belonging to that local agency is in the possession of a person, organization, or institution not authorized by law to possess the record, it may request the secretary to act on its behalf pursuant to the procedures specified in Sections 6204 and 6204.1, or undertake on its own behalf the same procedure available to the secretary under those sections, subject to subdivisions (b), (c), and (d).
    2. If a person, organization, or institution that receives a written notice and demand from a local agency issued pursuant to this section does not deliver the described record, does not respond to the notice and demand within the required time, or does not adequately demonstrate that the record does not belong to the local agency, the local agency may request the county district attorney or, where applicable, the city attorney, to petition the superior court in the county in which the record is located for an order requiring the return of the record.
    3. After a hearing, and upon a finding that a specified record is in the possession of a person, organization, or institution not authorized by law to possess the record, the court shall order the record to be delivered to the local agency or a government official designated by the court.
    4. The court may issue any order necessary to protect the record from destruction, alteration, transfer, conveyance, or alienation by the person, organization, or institution in possession of the record, and may order the record to be surrendered into the custody of the local agency pending the court’s decision on the petition. The court may order the record to be available for public access under a request made pursuant to the California Public Records Act (Division 10 (commencing with Section 7920.000)).

    (Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 615, Sec. 143. (AB 474) Effective January 1, 2022. Operative January 1, 2023, pursuant to Section 463 of Stats. 2021, Ch. 615.)

    6204.3.

    1. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, an organization or institution having physical custody of a record shall be exempt from Sections 6204 to 6204.2, inclusive, if the organization or institution meets both of the following requirements:
      1. It follows professional practices recommended by the Society of American Archivists, as used by the archivist, for the management, care, and preservation of historical records.
      2. It requires that all records it receives or maintains are subject to inspection to the same extent that the records would be subject to inspection and not exempt from disclosure pursuant to Division 10 (commencing with Section 7920.000) if received or maintained by a public agency.

      (Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 615, Sec. 144. (AB 474) Effective January 1, 2022. Operative January 1, 2023, pursuant to Section 463 of Stats. 2021, Ch. 615.)

      6204.4.

      In an action brought pursuant to this chapter, the court may award reasonable attorney’s fees and costs to the prevailing party.

      (Added by Stats. 2009, Ch. 519, Sec. 1. (AB 1245) Effective January 1, 2010.)